Sponsor the new team!

The new team

The new University of Leicester iGEM 2013 team is fully formed and ready to go!

The new team will be building on the 2012 quest to develop a bacteria to bio degrade polystyrene along with two other awesome arms to the project which can be seen on the new blog. This year, there is a new supervisor to help with the project, Dr Andrew Jamieson a Lecture in Organic chemistry, along with myself staying with the team as a advisor and the Lab Leader, Luke Thompson, also helping with the team.

There will be many chances for you to help the new team, with a new Citizen Science project being launched soon. Check out the new 2013 blog at http://uoligem.blogspot.co.uk/ where you can keep up to date with the progress of the new team and see how you can help.

iGEM 2012 may be over but, watch out 2013 the University of Leicester iGEM Team is coming back!

We are currently looking for Chemistry, Biological Sciences, Medical Biological Sciences and Computer Scientist undergraduates at the university to become members of the 2013 team to take part in this awesome summer lab project.
Check out all of the fun you can have while learning new transferable skills to increase your employ-ability and how rewarding doing iGEM is for yourself here, on our Wiki, Facebook and of course Twitter.

Interested? Drop an email to Dr Richard Badge, or the iGEM@le.ac.uk email account and we'll be in touch.

We are at the European Jamboree at the V University Amsterdam! Great place and we have seen some great presentations so far.

We were the first up presenting, setting the bar for the following presentations. Thank you to the team for a great presentation! Now we have time now to watch presentations from the other entrances. Fingers crossed that the UK teams do well and get through to the finals!

The awards will be presented tomorrow, which can be watched live at (around) 8am onwards BST.

To keep you updated at the jamboree please follow our twitter @iGEMLeicester  .

Thank you,
Christopher Morton,
@European jamboree!

Sent from windows phone

Today is the day of our public lecture!

Three New sponsors!

The University of Leicester iGEM Team are amazed to tell you about not just one, not two, but we have three new sponsors to the team! These have been over the course of the last 6 weeks however because we have been snowed under with deadlines, lab work, and wiki'ing its taken a while to get the post written.

The first of which has come in the form of reagents company Thermofisher Scientific which now includes Fermentas which we have been given some very useful reagents which we have been busy using in the lab. These include the Sau3A1 we have been using to create a DNA Library and the PCR cloning kit we have been using for the extraction of the 16S RNA sequences from our unknown CSE kit bacteria to try and find out which species we have growing on our selection media. Without these it would have been very expensive and difficult to get the reagents so we thank our new sponsor greatly! Also thanks to our supervisor Dr Dalgleish for managing to get the team the sponsorship.

We are proud to say that the second new sponsor is in fact the British Plastics Federation, EPS division. Who became our sponsor in August after Christopher arranged a visit from the chairman David Emes to the meet the team and discuss about the project. After a long talk over a coffee and a tour of the lab we got back to lab work. Later in the week we found out that they were going to give us £1,500 towards the entrance fee allowing the team to get into the Jamboree at the VU University Amsterdam. This was amazing news! As it was only the day before the visit we were getting extremely worried about paying for the entrance fee.


The third new sponsor and the most recent was in the form of three boxes of reagents from New England Biolabs with some lovely competent cells to express our biobricks in, as well as lots of DNA ladders, ligases, and PCR cloning kits which have been of great use in the last few days of lab work as we had used up all of the ThermoFisher stock. Unfortunately after some problems with our DNA we was unable to make a biobrick, however these cells will be of great use to next year's team as we have left the project at a point ready to make biobricks.



As we are now coming to the end of the project, all of our lab has been packed away, DNA has been put into storage and our main strains we have been working on have been frozen down to be kept for next year's team. All CSE kits we have had returned are currently in storage as well, happily growing on plates.
Don't forget, there is still time to get your hands on the E-Quiz, and fund us on Rockethub! However be quick as the deadline is approaching


Thank you for reading,

Christopher Morton
Project leader

e-Quiz Goes Live!

We have now launched our online e-Quiz, helping to make the team accessible to everyone who has a computer and a internet connection. The e-Quiz allows you to take part in a fun quiz with various rounds, including history, science, riddles and many more (including an iGEM round, which teaches you a little about us and the project) - and of course you get the chance to win some fabulous prizes! At the moment the top price is an official University of Leicester iGEM Team t-shirt which all of the team wear with pride, with additional prizes for runners up to be confirmed (you can also get your hands on a t-shirt through our Rockethub by the way). The winner of the quiz will be the person who answers the most correct questions of all of the entrances so don't worry if you can't answer all of them. Also, the quiz isn't all science; there are some general knowledge questions as well to keep everybody involved.


How can I get my hands on one?
It's simple! Entrance is £1.50 and can be bought easily here on the blog, just click on the PayPal button at the top left of the page, or click on the link here if you are viewing this by Mobile Blogger and want to buy a single entrance: https://www.paypal.com/UoL-EQUIZ. The e-Quiz is open to everyone, and the deadline for submitting your answers is 8th October 2012. If you do not have a PayPal or wish to buy using an alternate method don't hesitate to email the team at igem@leicester.ac.uk or talk to one of our team members in person.

Good Luck Everyone!



As this is an e-Quiz, there is a honesty clause of not using the internet for the answers (apart from on the iGEM and blog round), and to keep this fun and fair to everyone we have put in some riddles and questions to get you thinking.

Christopher Morton
Project leader

UK iGEM team meetup

Photo taken by Cambridge iGEM Team, Available at http://tinyurl.com/cqeukmd 

On Friday the 17th of August, four of our members attended the UK iGEM meet up, hosted at the Google Campus by the NRP-UEA iGEM Team. We would like to thank Emily's parents at this point for allowing the team to stay over at their house on the Thursday to make the journey that bit easier. The next day myself, Christopher and Will caught the train down to London to get to Google Campus where we met up with Reema, in time for the meet up where we saw Cambridge, Dundee, Edinburgh, Exeter, UEA, St Andrews, UCL and Westminster present their projects and, in a lot of cases, their results. It looks like we're going to have stiff competition when we get to Amsterdam!

The event was broadcast live on Google Hangout, showing presentations from the 9 UK teams about their projects and some of the results they have gathered so far. Our presentation focused mainly on the theories surrounding our project, although we did present a section on our Polystyrene Selection media, which we have been trying to perfect to make sure we are only isolating polystyrene degrading bacteria from the Citizen Science kits you've been sending back. Just a reminder, kits that have the starting 02# should now be ready to send back, so long as they have been in the ground for a minimum of 4 weeks.

As well as the iGEM teams' presentations there was a talk from Dr Tom Ellis, a synthetic biology lecturer who has been an advisor for iGEM teams including E.chromi; he gave us some great advice about iGEM, and told us a little about his research into the field.  There was also an unexpected talk from Dr Adam Rutherford, a TV and Radio presenter known for his series 'The Genetic Code' on BBC4, which was of real interest to the team, giving some tips for presenting synthetic biology and discussing the controversy around copyright in science.

All of the footage from the UK iGEM meet up is now accessable on the NRP-UEA iGEM Team's YouTube page at http://www.youtube.com/user/NRPUEAiGem

Lots of photos are also posted on the event page at http://goo.gl/Q6e4U

Luke Thompson
Lab Leader

and Christopher Morton
Project Leader

A quick update

It's been a while since we last posted, but we're still working hard at finding that elusive polystyrene degrading bacteria. We would like to take this opportunity to thank everyone for the Citizen Science kits that have been sent in so far. If you have bought a kit don't forget to leave it in the ground for 4-8 weeks then send it into us using your enclosed pre-paid return address envelope. There are still kits avalible to be bought but we are almost out so get yours soon by the paypal button or by emailing the team at igem@le.ac.uk. These may not have time to be used by this year's UoL iGEM team, but will still provide valuable data for future years. Even though we've been in our lab for majority of our time, the fundraising aspect has still been going strong with a new sponsor in the lines (more information in another post soon). As well as that we have had design your own cake sales, with icing bacteria (with thanks to the Biological Sciences school office) outside of our building raising some money towards the cause at the University of Leicester open day's, as seen in the photo. We also have other ideas we are getting in motion for ways you can help the team and so watch this space.

We have also signed up for the UK iGEM Team conference, hosted by the UEA iGEM team at the Google campus London. This will be broadcast live so you'll get a chance to see some of the team there with more information about the event on there Wiki at http://2012.igem.org/Team:NRP-UEA-Norwich


Thanks for reading

Christopher Morton
Project leader

The Search Begins

Thank you to our Citizen Scientists who have sent back their 01 samples! We are now analysing them to find that illusive polystyrene degrading bacteria. Currently we have a nice collection of cultures growing and within the next few days we will be searching these colonies.

Mohammed, Luke and Anthony putting the samples into agar.

If you have a 01 sample in your garden at home, please send it for analysis in as it is still very valuable. Don't forget to sign the health & safety form before sending it back to us.

Emily - Bioinformatician

A call to all Citizen Scientists!

Citizen scientists,  it's time for you to dig up your polystyrene strips and send them back to us! On Monday we will start to analyse your samples in the lab, searching for that illusive polystyrene degrading bacteria. Don't forget you could get your contribution recognised in a published research article – citizen scientists whose samples harbour polystyrene-eaters will be invited to be authors on the paper reporting the team’s findings.


If you have only recently purchased your kits or they have not been in the ground for more than 4 weeks, they can be left in the ground for longer; with the ideal time being between 4-8 weeks. Kits starting with 01# should be ready to send back.
Keep a look out for a blog post, emails and tweets in one to two months time asking for your samples to be sent in. Even though we may not get round to processing your samples this summer period. Further samples will be held in storage for future entrance to the competition and are still very valuable.




View CSE Kits in a larger map



Above is a map showing where all of our CSE kits have come from, if you click on a pin it will show you a photo of the place where the sample was buried.
We are looking forward to adding your sample to map and analysing it in the lab. Please remember to return your sample with the signed health and safety letter.


Thanks for reading,

Emily Halsey - Bioinformatician

iGEM team make successful pitch to Styropack, our new sponsors!

Photo 1

On Thursday 21^st June, four members of the iGEM Leicester team, accompanied by Dr. Badge, attended the Styropack Innovations Conference in Ford, West Sussex. Christopher, William, Emily and Luke put together a presentation about the project to deliver to the conference, which included representatives from Synbra (Styropack’s parent company), Roundstone Nurseries, Jablite and B&Q. For the event we put on our best suits, which Dr Badge kindly ironed for us! (photo 1)

After a long and very cosy journey to Ford, we were greeted by the cheery Group Sales Manager, Mike Pocok. We then enjoyed a tour of Styropack’s polystyrene production factory after the obligatory health and safety briefing. Our tour was  lead by the site manager John Crossley who delivered lots of fascinating polystyrene facts, while fielding questions from curious students and company representatives.

Photo 2

First of all we were shown around the warehouse, with towers of polystyrene packaging. (photo 2) The production lines are located in the same building where we learnt about the manufacturing processes, including the many recycling initiatives. The process involves using pentane and steam to expand the raw product (nicknamed “sugar” due to its granular appearance). (photo 3) Heat is recovered from the waste water from the expansion process, which is used to heat the incoming water to the boiler. The waste water is also recycled, along with any waste polystyrene. We also learned how the Styropack Ford site recycle its EPS with waste that it cannot recycle on site being sent to Envirocare a EPS recycler in Grimsby. South Coast Skips which is based in the same industrial estate take all other waste and recycle it, reducing the transport of the waste products. At the Ford site 2000 tonnes of Expanded PolyStyrene (EPS) is produced approximately each year.

Photo 3

BioFoam

After the tour we met up with Styropack and the other company representatives at the White Swan Hotel in Ford. The next item on the agenda was an incredibly informative and interesting presentation from Peter De Loose, Synbra Technical Sales Manager for BioFoam. The topic was an innovative method of creating material with near identical properties to polystyrene from natural resources, named BioFoam. The product is made from Poly-Lactic Acid (PLA) which can be produced from sugar cane, and so is sustainable compared to the oil derivatives used for EPS. Despite being biodegradable BioFoam can still be used in the construction industry because the biodegration processes are triggered by conditions (heat and water) only generated in industrial composters. This is an excellent example of how companies are looking for new and innovative ways to produce sustainable materials for the future.

Our presentation

The time had come for us to present our project. Nervously we waited our turn to present our parts while Dr. Badge introduced the iGEM competition. Christopher was first to speak, introducing our project idea and the impact that it could make in the disposal of expanded polystyrene. Up next was Luke, explaining that Pseudomonas bacteria have been found to degrade polystyrene in the soil. Next he spoke about the processes we will use to genetically modify the bacteria using a lab strain of E. coli to host the modified DNA. This flowed into William’s first part, speaking about the Citizen Science Experiment as a method for searching for the bacteria we need. Afterwards, the team’s Computer Scientist, Emily, delivered a small section about how computer simulation will be used in the project. Computer simulation is important to this project because the bacteria work at an incredibly slow rate, not within the time scale of the project. Therefore a simulation can used to show what may happen a year later or more further. Next it was the turn of our progress and achievements, presented by William. He spoke about our fundraising activities and the events we had attended raising awareness, with Dr. Badge rounding off the presentation.

Silo

Have you ever thought out making art with Polystyrene? Silo, a two-person team of designers have done just that. Oscar Wanless and Attua Aparicio make fabric moulds containing un-expanded polystyrene, and the moulds are then steamed to allow the raw material to expand and harden. The collection includes furniture and sculptures; it is worth a look www.silostudio.net.

An exciting recycling initiative from B&Q in conjunction with Styropack was the next presentation. EPS recycling bins have been placed at B&Q head office to be collected by Styropack for recycling. The loop is complete by the collected EPS being used in the production of 'recycled-content' horticulture trays that will be sold in B&Q.

Picture 4

Since we were only a stone’s throw away from the sea, there was no excuse not to pay a visit to Climping beach for an ice-cream before travelling back to Leicester. ( Picture 4)

After returning to Leicester we were delighted to learn that Styropack wanted to become our latest sponsor – not only making a substantial financial contribution, but also assisting us with distribution of the Citizen Science kits through their national network of customers. All in all a fantastic result!

Photo of the members of the team who went to the Styropack Innovations Conference in Ford
From left to right, Emily Halsey, William Harrison, Dr Richard Badge, Luke Thompson, Christopher Morton
Photo taken by Colin Brooks, University of Leicester Cheif Photographer

Emily Halsey - Bioinformatician
and
Christopher Morton - Project leader

Three quick updates

We have three important pieces of news to share with you! Each of them deserves a full post, but for now at least, here's a little information about each...

First of all, Christopher, Will, Luke, Emily and Dr Badge are all currently on their way to Jablite/Styropack, a producer of polystyrene who share our concern for the environment. While there they will be taking a tour of the factory and giving a presentation on our project, and hopefully they will be able to help us out as a new sponsor with a blog post on event afterwards.

Speaking of new sponsors...QIAGEN are on board! QIAGEN are a sample and assay technology company, and they have kindly donated £200 worth of kits for our project. Thank you, QIAGEN! (A link to their website is near the bottom of the page, alongside our other sponsors.)

Project leader Christopher Morton (left) and vice project
leader Anthony Cox (right). Artwork provided by a face
painter in the Environment Team.

And finally, the University of Leicester BioBlitz event on Saturday was a great success! We didn't sell as many cakes as we had hoped (Chris optimistically bought 48 - we sold 5!), but we got a few citizen science experiment kits sold, discussed our project with lots of people, doodled on lots of balloons, played with bubbles, and generally had a very good time! A huge thanks to our friends from the Environment Team, and everyone else who helped out with the BioBlitz!

William Harrison and Christopher Morton at our stall.

Nathan Hanna (left) and Luke Thompson (peering over the
balloon).

 






































Regards,

Anthony Cox - Vice Project Leader.

University of Leicester BioBlitz!

Image provided by,
The University of Leicester Environment Team

The Environment team at the University of Leicester are holding a BioBlitz in the hope to identify as many of the species on the university land over a 24 hour period, focusing on identifying aquatic invertebrates and higher plant species, as well as insects, mosses, amphibians, reptiles, mammals and birds. A BioBlitz is a large scale event which hope to engage the public with Biodiversity, getting them directly involved in surveying the land to find out just how many species there are in the area, seeking, identifying and recording as many species as possible over a 24 hour period. The events will include interactive activities such as face painting and arts and crafts, and experts will be on hand to explain the identification techniques and other aspects of biodiversity.

The event will start at 17:00 on Friday the 15th of June with various activities on central campus leading into the 16th of June where events will be held at 7:00 at the Attenborough Arboretum, then from 10:00 -16:00 there will be activities at Blackthorn Manor (behind the sports facilities in the student village); where we will be having our very own iGEM stall with some cakes on sale for 60p (2 for £1), balloons and bubbles for the "children" (I'm sure Will will have at least twice as much fun as anybody else), and more information about our project. Not only that but this will be a great opportunity to get your hands on one of our Environmental Citizen Science Sampling Kits for £2.
There is also a Free bus provided from the Charles Wilson building to the blackthorn manor every 30 minutes from 10:00 to make it easier to attend.

For more information about the event please see the University of Leicester - BioBlitz site. We hope to see many of you there!

Thank you for reading,

Christopher Morton - Project leader

BioBlitz Event In Evington Park

On Saturday, the University of Leicester iGEM Team headed to Evington Park to join the BioBlitz event and tell the public about our project.

Anthony Cox and William Harrison.

Bioblitz events are a fantastic way for the community to get involved with the wildlife on their doorstep. The aim is to record as many different species as possible within a certain time frame and to encourage the public's interest and knowledge of local biodiversity. Scientists, students and the community come together in local green spaces for a great educational day out. This brings together people of all backgrounds, just like the Citizen Science aspect of our iGEM project.

Leicester City Council, in partnership with Groundwork Leicester and Leicestershire County Council have hosted Bioblitz events in the city's parks. These are becoming an annual event, receiving the support of City Mayor Sir Peter Soulsby through his 100 Day Actions.

Bioblitz Evington Park, Sunday 27th May
Despite the sunshine, the park was initially quite quiet from 10am, giving Nathan the opportunity to create a few informational posters (and play on the nearby childrens' playground). The crowd picked up a little later, allowing us to tell the public about our project, sell some of our citizen science experiment kits, and give away some of the pens kindly donated to us by our friends in the University of Leicester Environment Team (at least when we weren't busy chasing kits and leaflets that were blowing away - it was a very windy day!). Both the iGEM team and the Bioblitz visitors enjoyed a gorgeous afternoon soaking up the sunshine and learning about the wildlife all around us.

We will also be taking part in the University of Leicester Environment team BioBlitz event on the 15th-16th June (for more information please visit www.le.ac.uk/environment/biodiversity), with the aim to identify at least 500 different species on the university estates.

Also this will be one of the last chances to pick yourself up a UoL Citizen Science experiment kit in person, so don't delay!

A Gift From Heathrow Scientific

A huge thanks to our sponsor Heathrow Scientific: Literally delivering the goods!

Left to right: Anthony Cox, Luke Thompson, Christopher Morton,
and Mark Shelton.

We're all getting really excited as the iGEM lab at the University of Leicester is starting to take shape - this week we have received around £2000 worth of scientific equipment from our valued sponsors, Heathrow Scientific!

Dr Badge, Christopher, Luke and I met up with the company's Global Sales Director, Mark Shelton, in a University car park to receive the delivery: a trolley load of ex-display laboratory equipment. We had time to chat with Mark about the project and for him to take us through the collection of equipment and consumable items.

Luke Thompson, with a selection of the Equipment

The boxes of equipment included (amongst many other things) a cute mini-centrifuge, a very fancy orbital shaker, a Rota-Filler 3000 (a type of pipette filler for larger volumes) and a wide assortment of containers, dispensers and tube racks. The  racks included an adjustable universal test tube rack that you could turn upside down for easy emptying of liquids, which got Chris particularly excited!            

Alongside Bioline, IDT and Promega, Heathrow Scientific are a much appreciated sponsor of our project, and have come through with tangible support as we begin the process of getting the Leicester iGEM lab up and running.

Of course we will ensure that the new equipment will be put to good use over the summer and we'll be documenting how important this equipment is to the iGEM project on the wiki... perhaps we should have a competition to come up names for the kit?

It is fantastic that, despite the dire economic situation, companies like Heathrow Scientific are still able to come up with creative ways to support great ideas like iGEM, and their contribution is hugely significant.

Links to all of our sponsors websites can be found at the bottom of the home page of the blog.

Anthony Cox - Vice Project Leader


with help from
Christopher Morton - Project leader

In the Media

Within the last few days, the team has appeared several times in the media. Most notably, we appeared on the BBC website yesterday (20th May): http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk after Our Project leader Christopher Morton appeared on the Ben Jackson Show on BBC Radio Leicester (available on iPlayer until the 25th of may).

Today (21st May) we've appeared in Packaging News: http://www.packagingnews.co.uk/news

We also appeared in a University of Leicester press release on the 18th May (which can be read here: http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/press), so don't be surprised to see us crop up elsewhere shortly!

More can be found out about our citizen science experiment on the citizen science page. The kit can be bought here on the blog by the PayPal button to your left, however this is limited to the United Kingdom only. You can also email the team at igem@leicester.ac.uk for any questions or for alternate methods to buy a experiment kit.


Thank you,
Luke Thompson
Lab Leader

The Big tidy up!

On Wednesday the 16th of May, Dr Badge and I took part in the National Keep Britain Tidy campaign ‘The Big Tidy Up’ at the University of Leicester. Armed with a "Streetmaster" TM litter picker, gloves, recycling bags and hi vis jackets, we joined the Environment team and Contact volunteers to make Victoria Park (adjacent to the University) litter free!

From left to right, Dr Richard Badge and Christopher Morton.

Surprisingly there wasn't much litter about on this day with only 10 bags from the 10 volunteers  being collected from the whole of the park - it seems the City Council employees who look after the park are doing a great job! However we did still find a fair amount of polystyrene waste in the hedgerows and on the park. Its sobering to think that without our lunchtime litter picking, this polystyrene potentially could have outlived us, due to its chemically stable structure!

Although we didn't collect that much litter on the day , there is still a massive volume of polystyrene in our landfills and around the countryside of the United Kingdom. These locations, and even your back garden or allotment could potentially harbour the elusive polystyrene degrading microbe we are looking for for the iGEM project. This is why we need the public to help by undertaking our Citizen Science Experiment. The person to find the most active microbe using polystyrene as its sole carbon source will get the opportunity to have their name published on a research paper at the end of the project, as well as official University of Leicester iGEM team "Citizen Scientist" t-shirts.

To get involved in the experiment, you can buy a sampling kit here on the blog for a contribution of £2.00 + 50pence postage through the PayPay button to your left. Or you can email the team at igem@leicester.ac.uk for alternate methods to get your hands on a kit. Check out the Citizen Science Experiment tab for more information or you can always drop us an email with any questions.

Good luck!
Christopher Morton - Project leader.

Citizen Science Experiment kits are now available

It may be May day bank holiday here in the UK, but we've still been busy! which is why I'm pleased to announce the launch of our "Buy Now" Citizen Science button, which means the project is out of Beta and all you lovely people reading this blog can now have the opportunity to get one of our University of Leicester environmental sampling pack, even if you are not able to meet one of our team. The cost of the kits and processing will be offset by a contribution of £2 when bought from one of the team members. You can however now purchase here on our Blog through the PayPal button on the left for a extra 50pence postage to send the kit to your address. For more information about the experiment, and an instructional video please visit the citizen Science Experiment Tab along the top bar.

Unfortunately this experiment is UK only due to time and postage constraints.
If you experience any problems with the PayPal button, need a helping hand, want to buy multiple kits to increase your chances of finding the microbe, or wish to buy using a alternate method please don't hesitate to email us at igem@leicester.ac.uk

Also, we are pleased to announce we are now tweeting, http://twitter.com/#!/iGEMLeicester .
The main use of this will be let people gain an insight into the more informal goings on of the life of the University of Leicester iGEM team, keeping people up to date with the behind the scenes. As well as tweeting about fundraising events as they are happening.

Hope you all enjoy your Bank Holiday,

Christopher Morton - Project leader. 

Good News Everyone

This week we had great news from our corporate sponsor Heathrow Scientific! Mark Shelton, the company's Global Sales Director, will be coming to Leicester in a few weeks to delivery a van load of ex-display laboratory equipment, and to meet the iGEM team (photos to follow!). It is fantastic that, despite the dire economic situation, companies are still able to come up with creative ways to support great ideas like iGEM. Of course we'll be documenting how important this equipment is to the iGEM project on the wiki... perhaps we should have a competition to come up names for the kit. 


In other news we're really going to have to get the iGEM lab organised - the iGEM mothership lab will be shipping the 2012 "distribution kits" in the next two weeks! These kits are the microwell plates containing the standard DNA parts for teams to use in the project - the parts are fairly stable for shipping but need to be kept safe - each well contains only enough plasmid DNA to transform into bacterial cells, so we'll have to make sure that our microbiological technique is up to scratch before we start.


Post by Dr Richard Badge